/* ==========================================================================
   GLOCAL SCHOLAR - Premium Academic Publisher CSS Design System
   Modern Glassmorphism, Responsive Layouts & Micro-Animations
   ========================================================================== */

:root {
    /* Color Palette - Light Mode */
    --primary: #1e3a8a;
    --primary-light: #3b82f6;
    --primary-dark: #0f172a;
    --accent: #d97706;
    --accent-gold: #f59e0b;
    --accent-light: #fef3c7;
    --success: #10b981;
    --info: #0284c7;

    --bg-page: #f8fafc;
    --bg-card: #ffffff;
    --bg-card-subtle: #f1f5f9;
    --bg-hero: linear-gradient(135deg, #0f172a 0%, #1e3a8a 50%, #1e293b 100%);
    --bg-glass: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.88);

    --text-main: #1e293b;
    --text-muted: #64748b;
    --text-light: #94a3b8;
    --text-inverse: #ffffff;

    --border-color: #e2e8f0;
    --border-highlight: rgba(217, 119, 6, 0.3);

    --shadow-sm: 0 2px 4px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
    --shadow-md: 0 4px 12px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.08);
    --shadow-lg: 0 10px 25px -5px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12), 0 8px 10px -6px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
    --shadow-glow: 0 0 20px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.25);

    --radius-sm: 6px;
    --radius-md: 12px;
    --radius-lg: 18px;
    --radius-full: 9999px;

    --transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    --font-heading: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', -apple-system, sans-serif;
    --font-body: 'Inter', -apple-system, sans-serif;
    --font-code: 'Fira Code', monospace;
}

/* Dark Mode Overrides */
body.dark-mode {
    --primary: #3b82f6;
    --primary-light: #60a5fa;
    --primary-dark: #020617;
    --accent: #f59e0b;
    --accent-gold: #fbbf24;
    --accent-light: rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.15);

    --bg-page: #0b132b;
    --bg-card: #1c2541;
    --bg-card-subtle: #151d38;
    --bg-hero: linear-gradient(135deg, #020617 0%, #0f172a 60%, #1e293b 100%);
    --bg-glass: rgba(28, 37, 65, 0.9);

    --text-main: #f1f5f9;
    --text-muted: #94a3b8;
    --text-light: #64748b;
    --text-inverse: #ffffff;

    --border-color: #2e3a59;
    --border-highlight: rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.4);

    --shadow-sm: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    --shadow-md: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    --shadow-lg: 0 10px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
}

/* Reset & Global Base */
*, *::before, *::after {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: var(--text-main);
    background-color: var(--bg-page);
    transition: background-color 0.4s ease, color 0.4s ease;
    overflow-x: hidden;
}

a {
    color: var(--primary-light);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

a:hover {
    color: var(--accent);
}

ul, ol {
    list-style: none;
}

img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
}

/* Top Announcement Bar */
.top-bar {
    background-color: var(--primary-dark);
    color: var(--text-inverse);
    font-size: 13px;
    padding: 8px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}

.top-bar-inner {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 20px;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 10px;
}

.top-bar-left, .top-bar-right {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
}

.badge-pill {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    padding: 3px 10px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
}

.badge-pill.open-access {
    background: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.2);
    color: #34d399;
    border: 1px solid rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.4);
}

.badge-pill.peer-reviewed {
    background: rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.2);
    color: #fcd34d;
    border: 1px solid rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.4);
}

.dot {
    width: 6px;
    height: 6px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: inline-block;
}

.dot.green {
    background-color: #34d399;
    box-shadow: 0 0 8px #34d399;
}

.top-meta {
    color: var(--text-light);
}

.top-link {
    color: #cbd5e1;
}

.top-link:hover {
    color: var(--accent-gold);
}

/* Hero Header */
.hero-header {
    background: var(--bg-hero);
    color: var(--text-inverse);
    padding: 45px 20px;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    border-bottom: 4px solid var(--accent);
}

.hero-bg-shapes {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.shape {
    position: absolute;
    border-radius: 50%;
    filter: blur(60px);
    opacity: 0.25;
}

.shape-1 {
    width: 300px;
    height: 300px;
    background: var(--accent);
    top: -50px;
    right: 10%;
    animation: floatAnimation 8s ease-in-out infinite alternate;
}

.shape-2 {
    width: 250px;
    height: 250px;
    background: var(--primary-light);
    bottom: -50px;
    left: 5%;
    animation: floatAnimation 10s ease-in-out infinite alternate-reverse;
}

.hero-content {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 20px;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
}

.brand-wrapper {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 18px;
}

.brand-logo {
    width: 72px;
    height: 72px;
    background: transparent;
    border-radius: 50%;
    filter: drop-shadow(0 6px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4));
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    transition: all 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

.brand-logo:hover {
    transform: scale(1.08) rotate(3deg);
    filter: drop-shadow(0 10px 24px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.6));
}

.brand-logo-img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: contain;
    border-radius: 50%;
}

.brand-title {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 34px;
    font-weight: 800;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    line-height: 1.1;
}

.accent-text {
    color: var(--accent-gold);
    font-weight: 400;
}

.brand-subtitle {
    font-size: 15px;
    color: #cbd5e1;
    margin-top: 4px;
    font-weight: 400;
}

.journal-meta-pills {
    display: flex;
    gap: 10px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.meta-pill {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
    padding: 6px 14px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.meta-pill.highlight {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent) 0%, var(--accent-gold) 100%);
    color: #0f172a;
    font-weight: 700;
    border: none;
}

/* Sticky Navigation Bar - Modern Glassmorphism & Smooth Micro-Animations */
.nav-container {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);
    backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 1000;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

body.dark-mode .nav-container {
    background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.92);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
}

.nav-inner {
    max-width: 1320px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 6px 20px;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
}

.nav-menu {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 4px;
    list-style: none;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

.nav-item {
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}

.nav-link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 8px 14px;
    color: var(--text-main);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 13.5px;
    line-height: 1.25;
    border-radius: 9999px;
    position: relative;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all 0.25s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

.nav-link span {
    display: block;
    text-align: center;
    width: 100%;
}

.nav-link:hover {
    color: #ffffff !important;
    background: #111827 !important;
    border-radius: 9999px;
    transform: translateY(-1px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.25);
}

.nav-link:hover span {
    color: #ffffff !important;
    text-align: center;
}

body.dark-mode .nav-link:hover {
    color: #111827 !important;
    background: #ffffff !important;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
}

body.dark-mode .nav-link:hover span {
    color: #111827 !important;
    text-align: center;
}

.nav-link.active {
    color: #111827;
    font-weight: 700;
    background: rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.07);
}

.nav-link.active:hover {
    color: #ffffff !important;
    background: #111827 !important;
}

body.dark-mode .nav-link.active {
    color: #f1f5f9;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}

body.dark-mode .nav-link.active:hover {
    color: #111827 !important;
    background: #ffffff !important;
}

.nav-link.btn-nav-submit {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f59e0b 0%, #d97706 100%);
    color: #0f172a !important;
    padding: 8px 20px;
    border-radius: 9999px;
    margin-left: 10px;
    font-weight: 700;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.35);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
    transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

.nav-link.btn-nav-submit:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fbbf24 0%, #f59e0b 100%) !important;
    color: #0f172a !important;
    transform: translateY(-2px) scale(1.03);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.45);
}

.nav-link.btn-nav-submit:hover span {
    color: #0f172a !important;
}

.nav-actions {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
}

/* Theme Toggle Button */
.theme-toggle-btn {
    background: var(--bg-card-subtle);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    color: var(--text-main);
    width: 42px;
    height: 42px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    cursor: pointer;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-size: 18px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

.theme-toggle-btn:hover {
    transform: rotate(20deg) scale(1.1);
    border-color: var(--accent);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.25);
}

.sun-icon { display: block; }
.moon-icon { display: none; }

body.dark-mode .sun-icon { display: none; }
body.dark-mode .moon-icon { display: block; }

/* Mobile Menu Toggle */
.mobile-toggle {
    display: none;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 5px;
    padding: 5px;
}

.mobile-toggle span {
    width: 24px;
    height: 3px;
    background: var(--text-main);
    border-radius: 3px;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

/* Main Container & Page Layout */
.main-container {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 30px auto;
    padding: 0 20px;
    min-height: 70vh;
}

.page-title-banner {
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-left: 5px solid var(--accent);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    padding: 25px 30px;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.page-heading {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 28px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--text-main);
}

.breadcrumb {
    font-size: 13px;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-top: 6px;
}

.breadcrumb a {
    color: var(--text-muted);
}

.breadcrumb a:hover {
    color: var(--accent);
}

/* Generic Content Boxes & Cards */
.box, .card {
    background-color: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    padding: 28px;
    margin-bottom: 25px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.box:hover, .card:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    border-color: var(--border-highlight);
}

.box-accent {
    background: var(--bg-card-subtle);
    border-left: 5px solid var(--primary-light);
}

.box-gold {
    background: var(--accent-light);
    border-left: 5px solid var(--accent);
    color: var(--text-main);
}

/* Heading Typography */
h2 {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 24px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--primary);
    margin-bottom: 16px;
    position: relative;
}

body.dark-mode h2 {
    color: var(--primary-light);
}

h3 {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 20px;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
}

h4 {
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
}

p {
    margin-bottom: 14px;
    color: var(--text-main);
}

/* Buttons System */
.btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 8px;
    padding: 12px 22px;
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 600;
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    border: 1px solid transparent;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: var(--transition);
    text-decoration: none;
    line-height: 1;
}

.btn-primary {
    background-color: var(--primary);
    color: var(--text-inverse) !important;
}

.btn-primary:hover {
    background-color: var(--primary-dark);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.btn-gold {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent) 0%, var(--accent-gold) 100%);
    color: #0f172a !important;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.btn-gold:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-gold) 0%, #fef08a 100%);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.4);
}

.btn-secondary {
    background-color: var(--bg-card-subtle);
    border-color: var(--border-color);
    color: var(--text-main) !important;
}

.btn-secondary:hover {
    background-color: var(--border-color);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.btn-outline {
    background: transparent;
    border-color: var(--primary-light);
    color: var(--primary-light) !important;
}

.btn-outline:hover {
    background: var(--primary-light);
    color: #ffffff !important;
}

.btn-sm {
    padding: 8px 14px;
    font-size: 12px;
}

.btn-block {
    display: flex;
    width: 100%;
}

.pulse-btn {
    animation: pulseGlow 2.5s infinite;
}

/* Feature Grid / Cards */
.grid-2 {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(320px, 1fr));
    gap: 25px;
}

.grid-3 {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
    gap: 25px;
}

.grid-4 {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(240px, 1fr));
    gap: 20px;
}

/* Metric Counter Cards */
.metric-card {
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    padding: 24px;
    text-align: center;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.metric-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    border-color: var(--accent);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.metric-number {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 38px;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: var(--accent);
    line-height: 1;
    margin-bottom: 6px;
}

.metric-label {
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-muted);
}

/* ==========================================
   Editorial Board & Citation Filter Tabs Bar
   ========================================== */
.citation-tabs {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: flex-start;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 10px;
    padding: 10px 14px;
    background: var(--bg-card-subtle);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 50px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    margin-bottom: 30px;
    backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.tab-btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-main);
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1.5px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 30px;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
    user-select: none;
}

.tab-btn:hover {
    color: var(--primary-dark);
    border-color: var(--accent);
    background: rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.08);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.15);
}

.tab-btn.active {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f59e0b 0%, #d97706 100%);
    color: #ffffff;
    border-color: transparent;
    font-weight: 700;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.35);
    transform: translateY(-2px) scale(1.02);
}

.tab-btn.active .tab-icon {
    transform: scale(1.15) rotate(-5deg);
}

.tab-icon {
    font-size: 16px;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.people {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
    gap: 20px;
}

/* Keep the requested Editorial Board members in their published order. */
.people.showing-editorial-board .person[data-editorial-order] {
    order: var(--editorial-order);
}

.people.showing-editorial-board .person[data-editorial-order="1"] { --editorial-order: 1; }
.people.showing-editorial-board .person[data-editorial-order="2"] { --editorial-order: 2; }
.people.showing-editorial-board .person[data-editorial-order="3"] { --editorial-order: 3; }
.people.showing-editorial-board .person[data-editorial-order="4"] { --editorial-order: 4; }
.people.showing-editorial-board .person[data-editorial-order="5"] { --editorial-order: 5; }
.people.showing-editorial-board .person[data-editorial-order="6"] { --editorial-order: 6; }
.people.showing-editorial-board .person[data-editorial-order="7"] { --editorial-order: 7; }
.people.showing-editorial-board .person[data-editorial-order="8"] { --editorial-order: 8; }

@media (max-width: 1180px) {
    .people {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    }
}

@media (max-width: 860px) {
    .people {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }
}

@media (max-width: 540px) {
    .people {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}

.person {
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: 22px 16px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
    gap: 12px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    transition: var(--transition);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.person::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 5px;
    background: var(--primary-light);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.person:hover {
    transform: translateY(-6px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}

.person:hover::before {
    background: var(--accent);
}

.person-header {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
    gap: 14px;
    width: 100%;
}

.person-avatar {
    width: 180px;
    height: 180px;
    max-width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
    border-radius: 22px;
    padding: 4px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f59e0b 0%, #fbbf24 45%, #1e3a8a 100%);
    color: #ffffff;
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 32px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 20px -4px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.25), 0 6px 12px -3px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12);
    overflow: hidden;
    margin: 0 auto;
    position: relative;
    transition: all 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

.person:hover .person-avatar {
    transform: translateY(-4px) scale(1.03);
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fbbf24 0%, #d97706 50%, #3b82f6 100%);
    box-shadow: 0 16px 30px -5px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.35), 0 8px 16px -4px rgba(30, 58, 138, 0.2);
}

.person-avatar img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: top center;
    border-radius: 18px;
    display: block;
    transition: transform 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

.person:hover .person-avatar img {
    transform: scale(1.07);
}

.person-info {
    text-align: center;
    width: 100%;
}

.person-info strong {
    color: var(--primary-dark);
    font-size: 17px;
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
}

body.dark-mode .person-info strong {
    color: var(--text-main);
}

.person-affiliation {
    text-align: center;
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.person-role {
    display: inline-block;
    background: var(--accent-light);
    color: var(--accent);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 700;
    padding: 2px 8px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    margin-top: 4px;
}

.person-affiliation {
    font-size: 13px;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.person-contact {
    display: block;
    margin-top: 8px;
    font-size: 12px;
    color: var(--text-muted);
}

.person-contact a {
    color: var(--primary-light);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.person-contact a:hover {
    color: var(--accent);
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Article Cards for Current Issue / Archive */
.article-card {
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    padding: 25px;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.article-card:hover {
    border-color: var(--accent);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.article-header {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 10px;
}

.article-category {
    background: var(--bg-card-subtle);
    color: var(--primary);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 700;
    padding: 4px 10px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.article-doi {
    font-family: var(--font-code);
    font-size: 12px;
    color: var(--text-muted);
}

.article-title {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 20px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--text-main);
    margin-bottom: 8px;
    line-height: 1.3;
}

.article-authors {
    font-size: 14px;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-weight: 500;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.article-snippet {
    font-size: 14px;
    color: var(--text-main);
    margin-bottom: 18px;
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.article-actions {
    display: flex;
    gap: 10px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/* Interactive Submission Form */
.form-group {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.form-label {
    display: block;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 14px;
    margin-bottom: 6px;
    color: var(--text-main);
}

.form-control {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 12px 16px;
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 15px;
    background-color: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    color: var(--text-main);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.form-control:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: var(--accent);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.2);
}

textarea.form-control {
    min-height: 120px;
    resize: vertical;
}

/* Drag and Drop File Upload Area */
.file-drop-zone {
    border: 2px dashed var(--border-color);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    padding: 35px 20px;
    text-align: center;
    background: var(--bg-card-subtle);
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.file-drop-zone:hover, .file-drop-zone.dragover {
    border-color: var(--accent);
    background: var(--accent-light);
}

.file-icon {
    font-size: 36px;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

/* Step Progress Indicator */
.step-progress {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    margin-bottom: 35px;
    position: relative;
}

.step-progress::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 3px;
    background: var(--border-color);
    z-index: 1;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
}

.step-item {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
    background: var(--bg-card);
    padding: 0 10px;
    text-align: center;
}

.step-number {
    width: 36px;
    height: 36px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--bg-card-subtle);
    border: 2px solid var(--border-color);
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-weight: 700;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    margin: 0 auto 6px;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.step-item.active .step-number {
    background: var(--accent);
    border-color: var(--accent);
    color: #0f172a;
}

.step-label {
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-muted);
}

/* Accordion Component for Scope/Ethics */
.accordion-item {
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.accordion-header {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 16px 20px;
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: none;
    text-align: left;
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-main);
    cursor: pointer;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.accordion-header:hover {
    background: var(--bg-card-subtle);
}

.accordion-icon {
    font-size: 18px;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.accordion-item.active .accordion-icon {
    transform: rotate(180deg);
}

.accordion-body {
    max-height: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
    padding: 0 20px;
    transition: max-height 0.3s ease, padding 0.3s ease;
}

.accordion-item.active .accordion-body {
    padding: 16px 20px 20px;
    max-height: 500px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color);
}

/* Footer Styling */
.site-footer {
    background-color: var(--primary-dark);
    color: var(--text-inverse);
    margin-top: 60px;
    border-top: 5px solid var(--accent);
}

.footer-top {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 60px 20px 40px;
}

.footer-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1.5fr 1fr 1fr 1.2fr;
    gap: 35px;
}

.footer-brand {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 26px;
    font-weight: 800;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.footer-brand span {
    color: var(--accent-gold);
}

.footer-desc {
    color: #94a3b8;
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.publisher-tag {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    padding: 12px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    font-size: 13px;
    color: #cbd5e1;
}

.footer-heading {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 17px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--text-inverse);
    margin-bottom: 18px;
    position: relative;
    padding-bottom: 8px;
}

.footer-heading::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 35px;
    height: 3px;
    background: var(--accent);
    border-radius: 2px;
}

.footer-links li {
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.footer-links a {
    color: #cbd5e1;
    font-size: 14px;
}

.footer-links a:hover {
    color: var(--accent-gold);
    padding-left: 4px;
}

.footer-info-list li {
    font-size: 13px;
    color: #cbd5e1;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.footer-callout {
    font-size: 14px;
    color: #cbd5e1;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.footer-bottom {
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    padding: 20px 0;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
}

.footer-bottom-inner {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 20px;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 12px;
    font-size: 13px;
    color: #94a3b8;
}

.footer-legal a {
    color: #cbd5e1;
}

.footer-legal a:hover {
    color: var(--accent-gold);
}

/* Abstract Modal Overlay */
.modal-overlay {
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.75);
    backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
    z-index: 2000;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 20px;
    opacity: 0;
    visibility: hidden;
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease, visibility 0.3s ease;
}

.modal-overlay.active {
    opacity: 1;
    visibility: visible;
}

.modal-card {
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    max-width: 750px;
    width: 100%;
    max-height: 85vh;
    overflow-y: auto;
    padding: 30px;
    position: relative;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    transform: scale(0.9);
    transition: transform 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.56, 0.64, 1);
}

.modal-overlay.active .modal-card {
    transform: scale(1);
}

.modal-close {
    position: absolute;
    top: 20px;
    right: 20px;
    background: var(--bg-card-subtle);
    border: none;
    font-size: 24px;
    width: 36px;
    height: 36px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    cursor: pointer;
    color: var(--text-main);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}

.modal-title {
    font-size: 22px;
    margin-top: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.modal-authors {
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 14px;
    margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.modal-meta-row {
    font-size: 13px;
    color: var(--text-light);
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.doi-text {
    font-family: var(--font-code);
    color: var(--accent);
}

.tags-row {
    display: flex;
    gap: 8px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.tag-pill {
    background: var(--bg-card-subtle);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    padding: 3px 10px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    font-size: 12px;
    color: var(--text-muted);
}

.citation-box {
    background: var(--bg-card-subtle);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    padding: 16px;
    margin-top: 20px;
}

.citation-tabs {
    display: flex;
    gap: 8px;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.tab-btn {
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    padding: 4px 12px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    font-size: 12px;
    cursor: pointer;
    color: var(--text-main);
}

.tab-btn.active {
    background: var(--accent);
    color: #0f172a;
    font-weight: 700;
    border-color: var(--accent);
}

.citation-content {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
}

.citation-content code {
    font-family: var(--font-code);
    font-size: 13px;
    background: var(--bg-card);
    padding: 10px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    display: block;
    word-break: break-all;
}

.modal-footer {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: flex-end;
    gap: 12px;
    margin-top: 25px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    padding-top: 15px;
}

/* Toast Notifications */
.toast-container {
    position: fixed;
    bottom: 25px;
    right: 25px;
    z-index: 3000;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
}

.toast {
    background: var(--primary-dark);
    color: #ffffff;
    padding: 14px 20px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    border-left: 4px solid var(--accent);
    font-size: 14px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    animation: slideInRight 0.4s ease forwards;
}

/* Keyframe Animations */
@keyframes fadeInUp {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateY(20px);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
}

@keyframes pulseGlow {
    0% {
        box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.5);
    }
    70% {
        box-shadow: 0 0 0 12px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0);
    }
    100% {
        box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(245, 158, 11, 0);
    }
}

@keyframes floatAnimation {
    0% {
        transform: translateY(0px) rotate(0deg);
    }
    50% {
        transform: translateY(-15px) rotate(3deg);
    }
    100% {
        transform: translateY(0px) rotate(0deg);
    }
}

@keyframes slideInRight {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateX(50px);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateX(0);
    }
}

.fade-in {
    animation: fadeInUp 0.6s ease forwards;
}

/* Responsive Media Queries */
@media (max-width: 992px) {
    .footer-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    }
    .hero-content {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .mobile-toggle {
        display: flex;
    }

    .nav-menu {
        position: absolute;
        top: 100%;
        left: 0;
        right: 0;
        background: var(--bg-card);
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
        padding: 15px 0;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
        box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
        max-height: 0;
        overflow: hidden;
        transition: max-height 0.4s ease;
    }

    .nav-menu.mobile-open {
        max-height: 450px;
    }

    .nav-item {
        width: 100%;
    }

    .nav-link {
        width: 100%;
        padding: 12px 20px;
    }

    .nav-link.btn-nav-submit {
        margin: 10px 20px;
        width: calc(100% - 40px);
        text-align: center;
    }

    .footer-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .d-none-sm {
        display: none;
    }
}

/* ========================================================================== 
   Site-wide refinement layer
   ========================================================================== */

::selection {
    background: rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.32);
    color: var(--primary-dark);
}

:focus-visible {
    outline: 3px solid var(--accent-gold);
    outline-offset: 3px;
}

body {
    background-image:
        radial-gradient(circle at 8% 0%, rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.07), transparent 28rem),
        radial-gradient(circle at 92% 16%, rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.08), transparent 24rem);
}

body.dark-mode {
    background-image:
        radial-gradient(circle at 8% 0%, rgba(96, 165, 250, 0.10), transparent 28rem),
        radial-gradient(circle at 92% 16%, rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.08), transparent 24rem);
}

.reading-progress {
    position: fixed;
    inset: 0 auto auto 0;
    z-index: 2000;
    width: 100%;
    height: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent), var(--accent-gold), #fef08a);
    transform: scaleX(0);
    transform-origin: left center;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 10px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.55);
    will-change: transform;
}

.hero-header {
    padding: 52px 20px;
    background-image:
        linear-gradient(115deg, rgba(2, 6, 23, 0.20), transparent 55%),
        var(--bg-hero);
}

.hero-header::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    pointer-events: none;
    opacity: 0.10;
    background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255,255,255,.55) 1px, transparent 1px), linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.55) 1px, transparent 1px);
    background-size: 38px 38px;
    mask-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, black, transparent);
}

.brand-title {
    letter-spacing: 1px;
    text-shadow: 0 2px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
}

.brand-subtitle {
    max-width: 620px;
}

.meta-pill {
    box-shadow: inset 0 1px rgba(255,255,255,.14);
}

.nav-container.nav-scrolled {
    box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.12);
}

.nav-link {
    letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}

.page-title-banner {
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    padding: 28px 32px;
    background: linear-gradient(115deg, var(--bg-card) 0%, var(--bg-card) 68%, var(--bg-card-subtle) 100%);
}

.page-title-banner::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    width: 180px;
    height: 180px;
    right: -74px;
    top: -105px;
    border: 28px solid var(--accent-light);
    border-radius: 50%;
    opacity: .7;
}

.page-title-content {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

.page-heading {
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.box, .card {
    box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.055);
}

.box:hover, .card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: 0 16px 36px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.10);
}

.box-gold {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-light), var(--bg-card));
}

.box-accent {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--bg-card-subtle), var(--bg-card));
}

.btn {
    min-height: 42px;
    border-radius: 9px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(15, 23, 42, .08);
}

.btn:active {
    transform: translateY(0) scale(.98);
}

.article-card, .person, .metric-card {
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
}

.article-card:hover, .person:hover, .metric-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    border-color: var(--border-highlight);
    box-shadow: 0 16px 30px rgba(15, 23, 42, .12);
}

.person-avatar {
    box-shadow: 0 5px 14px rgba(15, 23, 42, .16);
}

.person-affiliation a, .person-contact a {
    color: var(--primary-light);
    font-weight: 600;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.contact-person {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
    column-gap: 10px;
    row-gap: 2px;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 14px 16px;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-left: 3px solid var(--accent);
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    background: var(--bg-card-subtle);
}

.contact-person strong {
    color: var(--primary);
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
}

.contact-person span {
    grid-column: 2;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 13px;
}

.contact-person a {
    grid-column: 2;
    width: fit-content;
    color: var(--primary-light);
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 600;
    overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.contact-person .contact-phone::before {
    content: 'Mobile: ';
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-weight: 400;
}

.form-status {
    margin: 12px 0 0;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 12px;
    text-align: center;
}

.form-honeypot {
    position: absolute;
    width: 1px;
    height: 1px;
    padding: 0;
    margin: -1px;
    overflow: hidden;
    clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
    white-space: nowrap;
    border: 0;
}

body.dark-mode .contact-person strong {
    color: var(--primary-light);
}

.form-control, select, textarea {
    transition: border-color .2s ease, box-shadow .2s ease, background-color .2s ease;
}

.form-control:focus, select:focus, textarea:focus {
    border-color: var(--primary-light);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 4px rgba(59, 130, 246, .14);
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .hero-header { padding: 36px 20px; }
    .brand-logo { width: 60px; height: 60px; }
    .brand-title { font-size: clamp(25px, 8vw, 32px); }
    .journal-meta-pills { gap: 7px; }
    .meta-pill { padding: 5px 10px; font-size: 12px; }
    .main-container { margin: 20px auto; padding: 0 14px; }
    .page-title-banner { padding: 22px 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; }
    .page-heading { font-size: 25px; }
    .box, .card { padding: 21px 18px; }
    .contact-person { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .contact-person span, .contact-person a { grid-column: 1; }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    *, *::before, *::after {
        animation-duration: .01ms !important;
        animation-iteration-count: 1 !important;
        scroll-behavior: auto !important;
        transition-duration: .01ms !important;
    }
}

/* ==========================================
   Previous Issues & Archive Table System
   ========================================== */
.archive-table-wrapper {
    width: 100%;
    overflow-x: auto;
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    margin-top: 20px;
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
}

.archive-table {
    width: 100%;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    text-align: left;
    font-size: 14px;
}

.archive-table th {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary) 0%, var(--primary-light) 100%);
    color: #ffffff;
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 14px;
    letter-spacing: 0.5px;
    padding: 16px 20px;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    border-bottom: 3px solid var(--accent);
}

.archive-table td {
    padding: 14px 20px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    color: var(--text-main);
    vertical-align: middle;
    transition: background 0.2s ease;
}

.archive-table tbody tr {
    transition: all 0.25s ease;
}

.archive-table tbody tr:hover {
    background: rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.06);
}

.archive-table tbody tr:last-child td {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.vol-badge {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 4px 12px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 13px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(30, 58, 138, 0.1), rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.1));
    color: var(--primary);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
}

.issue-badge {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 4px 10px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 13px;
    color: var(--accent-gold);
    background: var(--bg-card-subtle);
    border: 1px solid rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.2);
}

.btn-access {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    padding: 7px 16px;
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #ffffff;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f59e0b 0%, #d97706 100%);
    border: none;
    border-radius: 20px;
    cursor: pointer;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.25);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.btn-access:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.4);
    color: #ffffff;
}

/* Volume Summary Cards & View Toggles */
.view-mode-bar {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 15px;
    margin-bottom: 25px;
    padding: 12px 18px;
    background: var(--bg-card-subtle);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 50px;
}

.view-mode-toggle {
    display: flex;
    gap: 6px;
    background: var(--bg-card);
    padding: 4px;
    border-radius: 30px;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
}

.view-mode-btn {
    padding: 8px 16px;
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 600;
    border: none;
    border-radius: 20px;
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
}

.view-mode-btn.active {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f59e0b 0%, #d97706 100%);
    color: #ffffff;
    font-weight: 700;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.3);
}

.archive-volume-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(320px, 1fr));
    gap: 24px;
    margin-top: 20px;
}

.volume-card {
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 24px;
    padding: 24px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    transition: all 0.35s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: space-between;
}

.volume-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 5px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, #f59e0b 0%, #1e3a8a 100%);
}

.volume-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-6px);
    box-shadow: 0 16px 35px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
    border-color: var(--accent);
}

.volume-card-header {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    margin-bottom: 18px;
    border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--border-color);
    padding-bottom: 14px;
}

.volume-title {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 22px;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: var(--primary);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
}

.volume-year {
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #ffffff;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary), var(--primary-light));
    padding: 5px 14px;
    border-radius: 20px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(30, 58, 138, 0.2);
}

.issue-list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
}

.issue-item {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 12px 16px;
    background: var(--bg-card-subtle);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 14px;
    transition: all 0.25s ease;
}

.issue-item:hover {
    background: rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.08);
    border-color: rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.4);
    transform: translateX(4px);
}

.issue-title-text {
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 14px;
    color: var(--text-main);
}

.btn-issue-link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 4px;
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--accent-dark);
    background: rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.15);
    padding: 5px 12px;
    border-radius: 16px;
    text-decoration: none;
    border: 1px solid rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.3);
    transition: all 0.25s ease;
}

.btn-issue-link:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f59e0b, #d97706);
    color: #ffffff;
    border-color: transparent;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.3);
}

/* Keep Current Issue visible in the main navigation. */
.nav-link[href="current-issue.html"] { color: #633d00; background: #fff0c2; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(217,119,6,.2); animation: current-issue-welcome 1s ease-out 2; }
.nav-link[href="current-issue.html"] span { color: #633d00; font-weight: 800; }
@keyframes current-issue-welcome { 0%,100% { box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(217,119,6,.2), 0 0 0 0 rgba(245,158,11,0); } 50% { box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(217,119,6,.35), 0 0 0 6px rgba(245,158,11,.16); } }
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { .nav-link[href="current-issue.html"] { animation: none; } }

/* Homepage landing section */
.home-hero {
    position: relative;
    isolation: isolate;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.25fr) minmax(280px, .75fr);
    align-items: center;
    gap: clamp(32px, 5vw, 64px);
    overflow: hidden;
    margin: 18px 0 36px;
    padding: clamp(34px, 5vw, 64px);
    border: 1px solid rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.25);
    border-radius: 28px;
    background: radial-gradient(ellipse at 15% 10%, rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.25), transparent 48%), linear-gradient(135deg, #070d1e 0%, #0f1f44 55%, #182a52 100%) !important;
    box-shadow: 0 24px 60px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.28);
    color: #ffffff !important;
}
.home-hero::before, .home-hero::after { content: ""; position: absolute; z-index: -1; border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.08); border-radius: 50%; pointer-events: none; }
.home-hero::before { width: 520px; height: 520px; right: 13%; top: -360px; }
.home-hero::after { width: 620px; height: 620px; right: -390px; bottom: -440px; }
.home-hero-copy { max-width: 720px; }
.home-eyebrow { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 9px; margin-bottom: 20px; color: #93c5fd !important; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .14em; }
.home-live-dot { width: 8px; height: 8px; border-radius: 50%; background: #34d399; box-shadow: 0 0 0 5px rgba(52,211,153,.2); }
.home-hero-copy h1 { margin: 0 0 16px; color: #ffffff !important; font: 800 clamp(38px, 5.5vw, 64px)/1.08 var(--font-heading); letter-spacing: -.04em; }
.home-hero-copy h1 span { color: #fbbf24 !important; text-shadow: 0 0 25px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.4); }
.home-hero-copy > p { max-width: 630px; color: #e2e8f0 !important; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.8; }
.home-hero-copy > .home-hero-lead { margin-bottom: 14px; color: #ffffff !important; font: 600 clamp(17px, 2vw, 21px)/1.55 var(--font-heading); }
.home-hero-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 16px; margin-top: 26px; }
.home-hero-actions .btn { padding: 13px 22px; border-radius: 12px; font-weight: 700; }
.home-hero-actions .btn-outline { color: #ffffff !important; border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.35); background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08); }
.home-hero-actions .btn-outline:hover { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18); border-color: #fbbf24; color: #fbbf24 !important; }
.home-text-link { color: #fbbf24 !important; font-size: 14px; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; text-underline-offset: 4px; transition: var(--transition); }
.home-text-link:hover { color: #ffffff !important; }
.home-trust-row { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px 20px; margin-top: 30px; color: #cbd5e1 !important; font-size: 12px; font-weight: 600; }
.home-trust-row span { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 5px; color: #e2e8f0 !important; }
.home-trust-row span::first-letter { color: #34d399 !important; font-weight: 800; }
.home-issue-card { position: relative; padding: 22px; border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.15); border-radius: 22px; background: linear-gradient(155deg, rgba(255,255,255,.13), rgba(255,255,255,.055)); box-shadow: 0 20px 50px rgba(0,0,0,.2); backdrop-filter: blur(12px); }
.home-issue-top { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; color: #ced8e8; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .15em; }
.home-issue-mark { display: grid; width: 34px; height: 34px; place-items: center; border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.23); border-radius: 11px; color: #f5b942; font: 800 13px var(--font-heading); }
.home-issue-art { position: relative; display: grid; place-items: center; height: 190px; margin: 16px 0 20px; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 15px; background: radial-gradient(circle at 52% 47%, rgba(245,185,66,.2), transparent 34%), linear-gradient(135deg, #203d73, #101d3b); }
.orbit { position: absolute; width: 142px; height: 142px; border: 1px solid rgba(245,185,66,.65); border-radius: 50%; transform: rotate(-32deg) scaleY(.48); }
.orbit-two { width: 142px; height: 142px; border-color: rgba(147,197,253,.65); transform: rotate(55deg) scaleY(.48); }
.orbit-core { display: grid; place-items: center; width: 62px; height: 62px; border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.55); border-radius: 50%; background: rgba(255,255,255,.1); color: #fff; font: 700 29px var(--font-heading); box-shadow: 0 0 35px rgba(245,185,66,.25); }
.orbit-label { position: absolute; right: 16px; bottom: 16px; color: #d5deec; font-size: 8px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .16em; line-height: 1.5; }
.home-issue-kicker { margin: 0 0 6px; color: #f5b942; font-size: 10px; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: .14em; }
.home-issue-card h2 { margin: 0; color: #fff; font: 700 24px var(--font-heading); }
.home-issue-card h2 span, .home-issue-year span { color: #f5b942; }
.home-issue-year { margin: 4px 0 18px; color: #bdc9dc; font-size: 12px; }
.home-issue-link { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; padding-top: 14px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.14); color: #fff; font-size: 13px; font-weight: 700; }
.home-issue-link:hover { color: #f5b942; }
.page-body > .grid-4[style] { margin-top: 0 !important; }
.page-body > .grid-4 .metric-card { border-radius: 17px; box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(15,23,42,.06); }
.page-body > .box-accent.fade-in { border-radius: 20px; }
@media (max-width: 820px) {
    .home-hero { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 30px; padding: clamp(28px, 7vw, 48px); }
    .home-issue-card { max-width: 480px; width: 100%; }
}
@media (max-width: 520px) {
    .home-hero { margin-top: 8px; border-radius: 22px; }
    .home-hero-copy h1 { font-size: clamp(39px, 12vw, 56px); }
    .home-trust-row { display: grid; }
    .home-issue-art { height: 160px; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    .home-hero *, .home-issue-card * { scroll-behavior: auto !important; }
}

/* Homepage content sections */
.page-body > .grid-4[style] .metric-card { position: relative; overflow: hidden; min-height: 126px; padding: 23px 18px 19px; border: 1px solid var(--border-color); border-top: 3px solid #e8ad38; border-radius: 16px; background: linear-gradient(160deg, var(--bg-card), var(--bg-card-subtle)); text-align: left; }
.page-body > .grid-4[style] .metric-card::after { content: ""; position: absolute; width: 72px; height: 72px; right: -27px; bottom: -34px; border: 1px solid rgba(217,119,6,.15); border-radius: 50%; }
.page-body > .grid-4[style] .metric-number { margin-bottom: 10px; color: var(--primary); font-size: clamp(25px, 2.2vw, 34px); letter-spacing: -.04em; }
.page-body > .grid-4[style] .metric-label { color: var(--text-muted); font-size: 12px; font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; }
.home-callout { padding: clamp(25px, 4vw, 38px); border: 0; border-left: 5px solid #e8ad38; background: radial-gradient(ellipse at 100% 0, rgba(59,130,246,.2), transparent 42%), linear-gradient(120deg, #101c38, #1d3764); color: #d8e2f2; }
.home-callout h2 { color: #fff; font-size: clamp(22px, 3vw, 28px); }
.home-callout p { max-width: 850px; line-height: 1.75; }
.home-callout .btn { white-space: nowrap; box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(0,0,0,.2); }
.home-featured > h2 { margin-bottom: 8px; color: var(--text-main); font-size: clamp(25px, 3vw, 31px); letter-spacing: -.035em; }
.home-featured > p { max-width: 700px; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.75; }
.home-featured > .grid-3 { gap: 18px; }
.home-featured .article-card { display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 305px; margin-bottom: 0; border-radius: 17px; box-shadow: 0 9px 26px rgba(15,23,42,.055); }
.home-featured .article-card:hover { transform: translateY(-4px); box-shadow: 0 16px 34px rgba(15,23,42,.12); }
.home-featured .article-category { border-radius: 999px; background: rgba(217,119,6,.11); color: #9a5b00; letter-spacing: .04em; }
.home-featured .article-title { margin-top: 7px; }
.home-featured .article-actions { margin-top: auto; padding-top: 12px; }
.home-highlights { gap: 18px; }
.home-highlights .card { position: relative; overflow: hidden; min-height: 180px; padding: 26px; border-radius: 17px; }
.home-highlights .card::before { content: ""; position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 54px; height: 3px; background: #e8ad38; }
.home-highlights .card h3 { margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 17px; }
.home-highlights .card p { color: var(--text-muted); font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.8; }
@media (max-width: 520px) { .home-featured .article-card { min-height: 0; } .home-callout > div { align-items: flex-start !important; } }
/* Editorial finish for the published articles section */
.home-featured { padding: clamp(24px, 4vw, 42px); border: 1px solid var(--border-color); border-radius: 24px; background: linear-gradient(145deg, var(--bg-card), var(--bg-card-subtle)); box-shadow: 0 14px 40px rgba(15,23,42,.045); }
.home-featured > div:first-child { align-items: center !important; margin-bottom: 12px !important; }
.home-featured > div:first-child > .btn { border-radius: 999px; }
.home-featured > .grid-2 { gap: 18px; }
.home-featured .article-card { position: relative; isolation: isolate; overflow: hidden; display: flex; flex-direction: column; min-height: 310px; padding: 26px; border-radius: 18px; background: var(--bg-card); }
.home-featured .article-card::before { content: ""; position: absolute; z-index: -1; top: 0; left: 0; right: 0; height: 3px; background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary-light), transparent 78%); }
.home-featured .article-card[data-category="humanities"]::before { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #d97706, transparent 78%); }
.home-featured .article-card[data-category="education"]::before { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #059669, transparent 78%); }
.home-featured .article-card[data-category="sports-science"]::before { background: linear-gradient(90deg, #7c3aed, transparent 78%); }
.home-featured .article-header { justify-content: space-between; }
.home-featured .article-doi { padding: 4px 7px; border-radius: 6px; background: var(--bg-card-subtle); font-size: 10px; }
.home-featured .article-title { font-size: clamp(18px, 2vw, 21px); }
.home-featured .article-authors { font-size: 12px; }
.home-featured .article-actions { margin-top: auto; padding-top: 10px; }
.home-featured .article-actions .btn { border-radius: 9px; }
.home-callout { box-shadow: 0 18px 38px rgba(15,23,42,.13); }
@media (max-width: 600px) {
    .home-featured { padding: 20px; border-radius: 18px; }
    .home-featured .article-card { min-height: 0; padding: 21px; }
    .home-featured .article-header { align-items: flex-start; flex-direction: column; }
}
/* ==========================================================================
   ENHANCED PREMIUM STYLING: Home, Current Issue & Previous Issues Pages
   ========================================================================== */

/* 1. Scholarly Indexing & Recognition Strip */
.scholarly-strip {
    margin: 35px 0;
    padding: 24px 28px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--bg-card), var(--bg-card-subtle));
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.scholarly-strip-header {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 12px;
    margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.scholarly-strip-title {
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    color: var(--text-muted);
}

.scholarly-badges-grid {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 16px;
}

.scholarly-badge-item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    padding: 10px 16px;
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-main);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.scholarly-badge-item:hover {
    border-color: var(--accent);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.scholarly-badge-icon {
    font-size: 18px;
}

/* 2. Journal Cover Showcase Component */
.journal-cover-wrapper {
    position: relative;
    max-width: 280px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    perspective: 1000px;
}

.journal-cover-frame {
    position: relative;
    border-radius: 12px;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 16px 36px -10px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.35), 0 0 0 1px rgba(217, 119, 6, 0.3);
    transition: transform 0.4s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.56, 0.64, 1), box-shadow 0.4s ease;
    background: #0b132b;
}

.journal-cover-frame:hover {
    transform: translateY(-6px) rotateY(-4deg) scale(1.02);
    box-shadow: 0 24px 48px -12px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.45), 0 0 24px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.3);
}

.journal-cover-img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
    object-fit: cover;
}

.journal-cover-badge {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 12px;
    right: 12px;
    background: rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.88);
    backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
    color: var(--accent-gold);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-highlight);
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    padding: 4px 12px;
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* 3. Issue Hero Banner (Current Issue & Home) */
.issue-hero-banner {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 280px;
    gap: 36px;
    align-items: center;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(30, 58, 138, 0.05) 0%, rgba(217, 119, 6, 0.08) 100%), var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-left: 5px solid var(--accent);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: clamp(24px, 4vw, 40px);
    margin-bottom: 35px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.issue-hero-meta {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
}

.issue-hero-title {
    font-size: clamp(24px, 3.2vw, 34px);
    font-weight: 800;
    color: var(--text-main);
    line-height: 1.25;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
}

.issue-hero-subtitle {
    font-size: 16px;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    max-width: 680px;
}

.issue-meta-stats-row {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 20px;
    padding-top: 18px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color);
}

.issue-meta-stat-item {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.issue-stat-val {
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: var(--primary);
}

body.dark-mode .issue-stat-val {
    color: var(--accent-gold);
}

.issue-stat-lbl {
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

/* 4. Interactive Toolbar: Live Search, Filter Pills & View Toggles */
.interactive-toolbar {
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: 18px 24px;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 16px;
}

.toolbar-top-row {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 16px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.toolbar-search-box {
    position: relative;
    flex: 1;
    min-width: 260px;
}

.toolbar-search-icon {
    position: absolute;
    left: 14px;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 16px;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.toolbar-search-input {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 12px 16px 12px 42px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    background: var(--bg-page);
    color: var(--text-main);
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 14px;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.toolbar-search-input:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: var(--primary-light);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15);
    background: var(--bg-card);
}

.view-mode-group {
    display: inline-flex;
    background: var(--bg-page);
    padding: 4px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    gap: 4px;
}

.view-toggle-btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    padding: 8px 16px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    border: none;
    background: transparent;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 600;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.view-toggle-btn.active {
    background: var(--bg-card);
    color: var(--primary);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

body.dark-mode .view-toggle-btn.active {
    color: var(--accent-gold);
}

.toolbar-filters-row {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 8px;
}

.filter-label {
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-right: 4px;
}

.filter-pill-btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
    padding: 6px 14px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    background: var(--bg-card);
    color: var(--text-main);
    font-size: 12px;
    font-weight: 600;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.filter-pill-btn:hover {
    border-color: var(--primary-light);
    color: var(--primary-light);
}

.filter-pill-btn.active {
    background: var(--primary);
    border-color: var(--primary);
    color: #ffffff;
}

body.dark-mode .filter-pill-btn.active {
    background: var(--accent);
    border-color: var(--accent);
    color: #ffffff;
}

/* 5. Enhanced Article Cards for Current Issue & Home */
.issue-articles-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(350px, 1fr));
    gap: 22px;
}

.issue-card-item {
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: 24px;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease, border-color 0.3s ease;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    overflow: hidden;
}

.issue-card-item::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary-light), var(--accent));
}

.issue-card-item[data-lang="marathi"]::before {
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, #d97706, #ef4444);
}

.issue-card-item:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    border-color: var(--border-highlight);
}

.issue-card-header {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.issue-card-cat {
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    padding: 3px 9px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    background: rgba(30, 58, 138, 0.08);
    color: var(--primary);
}

body.dark-mode .issue-card-cat {
    background: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15);
    color: var(--primary-light);
}

.issue-card-lang {
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 600;
    padding: 2px 8px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    color: var(--text-muted);
}

.issue-card-lang.lang-mr {
    background: rgba(217, 119, 6, 0.1);
    border-color: rgba(217, 119, 6, 0.3);
    color: var(--accent);
}

.issue-card-title {
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.35;
    color: var(--text-main);
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.issue-card-title a {
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.issue-card-title a:hover {
    color: var(--primary-light);
}

.issue-card-author {
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--accent);
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
}

.issue-card-abstract {
    font-size: 13px;
    line-height: 1.65;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-bottom: 18px;
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.issue-card-footer {
    margin-top: auto;
    padding-top: 14px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 10px;
}

.issue-card-doi {
    font-family: var(--font-code);
    font-size: 11px;
    color: var(--text-light);
}

.issue-card-actions {
    display: flex;
    gap: 8px;
    align-items: center;
}

/* 6. Executive Table of Contents (TOC) View */
.issue-toc-table-wrapper {
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.issue-toc-table {
    width: 100%;
    border-collapse: collapse;
    font-size: 14px;
}

.issue-toc-table th {
    background: var(--bg-card-subtle);
    padding: 14px 18px;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border-color);
    text-align: left;
}

.issue-toc-table td {
    padding: 16px 18px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    vertical-align: middle;
}

.issue-toc-table tr:hover {
    background: rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.03);
}

body.dark-mode .issue-toc-table tr:hover {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.02);
}

.issue-table-sr {
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    text-align: center;
    width: 60px;
}

.issue-table-title-cell {
    min-width: 280px;
}

.issue-table-title {
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 15px;
    color: var(--text-main);
    margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.issue-table-title a {
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.issue-table-title a:hover {
    color: var(--primary-light);
}

.issue-table-doi {
    font-family: var(--font-code);
    font-size: 11px;
    color: var(--text-light);
}

.issue-table-author {
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-main);
}

/* 7. Previous Issues Timeline & Archival Matrix */
.previous-issues-archive-header {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(30, 58, 138, 0.08) 0%, rgba(217, 119, 6, 0.08) 100%), var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: clamp(24px, 4vw, 36px);
    margin-bottom: 30px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.archive-volumes-container {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 32px;
}

.volume-section-card {
    background: var(--bg-card);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: 28px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.volume-section-header {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 12px;
    margin-bottom: 22px;
    padding-bottom: 14px;
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border-color);
}

.volume-heading-group {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
}

.volume-title-badge {
    background: var(--primary);
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 800;
    padding: 6px 14px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
}

body.dark-mode .volume-title-badge {
    background: var(--accent);
}

.volume-year-lbl {
    font-size: 16px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--text-muted);
}

.issues-timeline-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(260px, 1fr));
    gap: 18px;
}

.timeline-issue-card {
    background: var(--bg-page);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    padding: 20px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.timeline-issue-card:hover {
    border-color: var(--primary-light);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.timeline-issue-card.current-active {
    border-color: var(--accent);
    background: linear-gradient(145deg, var(--bg-card), var(--bg-card-subtle));
    box-shadow: 0 0 16px rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.15);
}

.timeline-issue-top {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.timeline-issue-num {
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--text-main);
}

.timeline-status-badge {
    font-size: 11px;
    font-weight: 700;
    padding: 2px 8px;
    border-radius: var(--radius-full);
}

.timeline-status-published {
    background: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.12);
    color: var(--success);
    border: 1px solid rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.3);
}

.timeline-status-active {
    background: rgba(217, 119, 6, 0.12);
    color: var(--accent);
    border: 1px solid rgba(217, 119, 6, 0.3);
}

.timeline-status-upcoming {
    background: rgba(100, 116, 139, 0.12);
    color: var(--text-muted);
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
}

.timeline-issue-desc {
    font-size: 13px;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    margin-bottom: 14px;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.timeline-issue-btn {
    margin-top: auto;
}

/* 8. Digital Preservation & Archiving Statement Box */
.preservation-box {
    margin-top: 35px;
    padding: 28px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--bg-card), var(--bg-card-subtle));
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.preservation-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
    gap: 24px;
    margin-top: 18px;
}

.preservation-item {
    display: flex;
    gap: 14px;
    align-items: flex-start;
}

.preservation-icon {
    font-size: 26px;
    line-height: 1;
}

.preservation-item h4 {
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.preservation-item p {
    font-size: 13px;
    color: var(--text-muted);
    line-height: 1.5;
}

/* 9. Responsive Adjustments */
@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .issue-hero-banner {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .issue-hero-meta, .issue-meta-stats-row {
        justify-content: center;
    }

    .journal-cover-wrapper {
        margin: 20px auto 0;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 650px) {
    .issue-articles-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .toolbar-top-row {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: stretch;
    }

    .view-mode-group {
        justify-content: center;
    }

    .issue-toc-table-wrapper {
        overflow-x: auto;
    }
}